Ch. 4 – Charts and Graphs for Business Data

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  • Graph is a pictorial representation of data,which has at least two dimensional relationship.It has two axes X and Y.It is used to represent variation in values over a period of time.
  • Charts are used to give information about the frequency of different quantities in a single pictorial representation.

Types of Charts

  • Column Chart : Column chart shows a bar chart or bar graph with vertical bars.The height of each bar is proportional to its value. Categories are displayed horizontally( X axis) and Values are vertically(Y axis).
  • Bar Charts:   Barc Charts shows horizontal bars. The length of each bar is proportional to its value.
  • Line Chart: The values of each data series in a line chart can be connected by a line. X axis shows the categories and Y axis shows values as points.It is used to display trends over a period of time.
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  • Pie Chart:  A Pie chart displays the contribution of each value to a total. It represents multiple sub-group of a single variable.
  • Exploded Pie Chart : In this type of chart one or several slices are separated from other.
  • Donut Chart /Doughnut Chart: It is a Pie chart with a hole in the middle and it can display more than one series of data.
  •   Area Chart: Area chart shows values as points on the Y axis and categories on X axis. The values of each data series are connected by a line,the area between two lines is filled with a colour.
  • Scatter Chart( XY Chart): In this chart both axis display values.It is used to show the relationship among two variables.
  • Radar Charat : It also known as net chart or Star chart.A Net Chart has separate  axis for each data category, and the axes extended from the centre of the chart.

Elements of a Chart /Graph

The different parts that make up a chart re referred to as elements.

  • Chart Area: Entire area of the chart, which includes labels, data, axis etc.
  • Chart Wall : It is the area in which chart is plotted.
  • Chart Main Title/Subtitle: This is the explanatory heading at the top of the chart.
  • Axes : A line that serves as a major reference for plotting data. X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis.
  • Data Point/ Data Marker: Individual values plotted in a chart and represented by bar,Column,line etc.
  • Data Series : A group of data points.
  • Legend : It is an identifier of a piece of information shown in the chart/graph.
  • Data label : The value of the data series plotted in a chart is known a data label.
  • Grid lines:These are the vertical and horizontal lines that appear in a chart.

Steps for Chart/Graph

  1. Enter the data which needed to create the chart/Graph.
  2. Select the data is needed for plotting the chart
  3. Plotting the chart, Insert ->Chart.
  4. Select the chart type, click Next
  5. In Data Range , select “Data series in column”, “First row as label” and “First column as label”. And click next.
  6. Under chart element enter the “Title” and enter labels for X axis and  Y axis then click finish.

Advantages in Using graph/Chart

  • Help to present data very easily.
  • Help to convince the reader.
  • Visually appealing
  • Easy to read the data
  • Quick analysis and interpretation of data with a little time
  • To know the trends easily
  • To grasp the data quickly
  • A large volume of information can be exhibited through charts easily

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